Itching

Key facts

Itching (pruritus) is an irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch. It can be localised to one area or widespread. While usually caused by dry skin or mild irritation, generalised itching without a rash can indicate an underlying condition.

Most often affects:Elderly adultsPeople with eczemaPregnant womenThose in dry/heated environments

What commonly causes itching

• Dry skin (xerosis) — the most common cause, especially in winter
• Eczema or dermatitis
• Insect bites or stings
• Allergic reactions (hives, contact allergy)
• Fungal infections (athlete's foot, jock itch)
• Liver or kidney conditions — can cause generalised itch without rash
• Pregnancy — itching in pregnancy is common but can be caused by a liver condition (intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy), so always check with your GP or midwife
• Scabies or other parasites — intense itching that is worse at night

What helps at home

• Moisturise 2–3 times daily with a rich, fragrance-free emollient
• Take lukewarm (not hot) baths and showers — hot water strips skin oils
• Ask a pharmacist what is best for your itch — they can suggest emollients, cooling creams or an antihistamine. If you use 1% hydrocortisone cream, do not put it on your face or genitals without asking a pharmacist or doctor first, do not use it on broken skin, cuts or wounds, do not use it anywhere for more than 7 days, and do not use it on a child under 10 unless advised to.
• Wear soft, natural fabrics — avoid wool directly on skin
• Keep nails short to prevent damage from scratching
• Try an oatmeal bath — colloidal oatmeal soothes itchy skin

When to get help

These three levels are different. Getting the level right is the single most useful thing this page can do for you.

Questions people ask about itching

Reducing the chance of it coming back

• Apply moisturiser within 3 minutes of bathing to lock in moisture
• Use fragrance-free laundry detergent
• Humidify your home during winter months
• Avoid long, hot showers — keep them under 10 minutes